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CODE: 28105 Buy ONET/DOT: Download or CD-ROM
TITLE: Adjudicators, Hearings Officers, and Judicial Reviewers DEFINITION: Conduct hearings to review and decide claims filed by the government against individuals or organizations, or individual eligibility issues concerning social programs, disability, or unemployment benefits. Determine the existence and the amount of liability, recommend the acceptance or rejection of claims, or compromise settlements according to laws, regulations, policies, and precedent decisions. Confer with persons or organizations involved and prepare written decisions. TASKS: 1. Arranges and conducts hearings to obtain information and evidence relative to disposition of claim. 2. Determines existence and amount of liability, according to law, administrative and judicial precedents and evidence. 3. Counsels parties and recommends acceptance or rejection of compromise settlement offers. 4. Prepares written opinions and decisions. 5. Analyzes evidence and applicable law, regulations, policy and precedent decisions to determine conclusions. 6. Interviews or corresponds with claimants or agents to elicit information. 7. Questions witnesses to obtain information. 8. Reviews and evaluates data on documents, such as claim applications, birth or death certificates, and physician or employer records. 9. Rules on exceptions, motions and admissibility of evidence. 10. Researches laws, regulations, policies and precedent decisions to prepare for hearings. 11. Participates in court proceedings. 12. Issues subpoenas and administers oaths to prepare for formal hearing. 13. Obtains additional information to clarify evidence. 14. Authorizes payment of valid claims. 15. Notifies claimant of denied claim and appeal rights. 16. Conducts studies of appeals procedures in field agencies to ensure adherence to legal requirements and to facilitate determination of cases. KNOWLEDGE: Knowledge elements are ranked by importance. 96 Law, Government and Jurisprudence Knowledge of laws, legal codes, court procedures, precedents, government regulations, executive orders, agency rules, and the democratic political process 58 Administration and Management Knowledge of principles and processes involved in business and organizational planning, coordination, and execution. This includes strategic planning, resource allocation, manpower modeling, leadership techniques, and production methods 58 English Language Knowledge of the structure and content of the English language including the meaning and spelling of words, rules of composition, and grammar 42 Psychology Knowledge of human behavior and performance, mental processes, psychological research methods, and the assessment and treatment of behavioral and affective disorders 29 Mathematics Knowledge of numbers, their operations, and interrelationships including arithmetic, algebra, geometry, calculus, statistics, and their applications 29 Education and Training Knowledge of instructional methods and training techniques including curriculum design principles, learning theory, group and individual teaching techniques, design of individual development plans, and test design principles 29 Computers and Electronics Knowledge of electric circuit boards, processors, chips, and computer hardware and software, including applications and programming 25 Therapy and Counseling Knowledge of information and techniques needed to rehabilitate physical and mental ailments and to provide career guidance including alternative treatments, rehabilitation equipment and its proper use, and methods to evaluate treatment effects 25 Communications and Media Knowledge of media production, communication, and dissemination techniques and methods including alternative ways to inform and entertain via written, oral, and visual media 25 History and Archeology Knowledge of past historical events and their causes, indicators, and impact on particular civilizations and cultures 25 Clerical Knowledge of administrative and clerical procedures and systems such as word processing systems, filing and records management systems, stenography and transcription, forms design principles, and other office procedures and terminology 21 Customer and Personal Service Knowledge of principles and processes for providing customer and personal services including needs assessment techniques, quality service standards, alternative delivery systems, and customer satisfaction evaluation techniques 21 Sociology and Anthropology Knowledge of group behavior and dynamics, societal trends and influences, cultures, their history, migrations, ethnicity, and origins 21 Economics and Accounting Knowledge of economic and accounting principles and practices, the financial markets, banking, and the analysis and reporting of financial data 21 Telecommunications Knowledge of transmission, broadcasting, switching, control, and operation of telecommunications systems 17 Public Safety and Security Knowledge of weaponry, public safety, and security operations, rules, regulations, precautions, prevention, and the protection of people, data, and property 17 Personnel and Human Resources Knowledge of policies and practices involved in personnel/human resource functions. This includes recruitment, selection, training, and promotion regulations and procedures; compensation and benefits packages; labor relations and negotiation strategies; and personnel information systems 13 Philosophy and Theology Knowledge of different philosophical systems and religions, including their basic principles, values, ethics, ways of thinking, customs, and practices, and their impact on human culture 8 Geography Knowledge of various methods for describing the location and distribution of land, sea, and air masses including their physical locations, relationships, and characteristics 4 Foreign Language Knowledge of the structure and content of a foreign (non-English) language including the meaning and spelling of words, rules of composition and grammar, and pronunciation 4 Transportation Knowledge of principles and methods for moving people or goods by air, rail, sea, or road, including their relative costs, advantages, and limitations SKILLS: Skills elements are ranked by importance. 100 Active Listening Listening to what other people are saying and asking questions as appropriate 96 Reading Comprehension Understanding written sentences and paragraphs in work related documents 96 Critical Thinking Using logic and analysis to identify the strengths and weaknesses of different approaches 96 Judgment and Decision Making Weighing the relative costs and benefits of a potential action 92 Information Gathering Knowing how to find information and identifying essential information 92 Speaking Talking to others to effectively convey information 88 Writing Communicating effectively with others in writing as indicated by the needs of the audience 83 Active Learning Working with new material or information to grasp its implications 79 Problem Identification Identifying the nature of problems 75 Information Organization Finding ways to structure or classify multiple pieces of information 71 Synthesis/Reorganization Reorganizing information to get a better approach to problems or tasks 67 Social Perceptiveness Being aware of others' reactions and understanding why they react the way they do 67 Idea Evaluation Evaluating the likely success of an idea in relation to the demands of the situation 67 Idea Generation Generating a number of different approaches to problems 63 Negotiation Bringing others together and trying to reconcile differences 54 Solution Appraisal Observing and evaluating the outcomes of a problem solution to identify lessons learned or redirect efforts 50 Identification of Key Causes Identifying the things that must be changed to achieve a goal 50 Monitoring Assessing how well one is doing when learning or doing something 50 Implementation Planning Developing approaches for implementing an idea 46 Time Management Managing one's own time and the time of others 46 Visioning Developing an image of how a system should work under ideal conditions 42 Systems Perception Determining when important changes have occurred in a system or are likely to occur 42 Persuasion Persuading others to approach things differently 38 Systems Evaluation Looking at many indicators of system performance, taking into account their accuracy 38 Identifying Downstream Consequences Determining the long-term outcomes of a change in operations 33 Product Inspection Inspecting and evaluating the quality of products 33 Coordination Adjusting actions in relation to others' actions 25 Learning Strategies Using multiple approaches when learning or teaching new things 25 Mathematics Using mathematics to solve problems 21 Equipment Selection Determining the kind of tools and equipment needed to do a job 13 Operation and Control Controlling operations of equipment or systems 13 Instructing Teaching others how to do something 13 Service Orientation Actively looking for ways to help people 13 Technology Design Generating or adapting equipment and technology to serve user needs 8 Operations Analysis Analyzing needs and product requirements to create a design 8 Management of Financial Resources Determining how money will be spent to get the work done, and accounting for these expenditures 8 Management of Material Resources Obtaining and seeing to the appropriate use of equipment, facilities, and materials needed to do certain work 8 Management of Personnel Resources Motivating, developing, and directing people as they work, identifying the best people for the job 4 Troubleshooting Determining what is causing an operating error and deciding what to do about it 4 Science Using scientific methods to solve problems 4 Equipment Maintenance Performing routine maintenance and determining when and what kind of maintenance is needed . ABILITIES: Abilities elements are ranked by importance. 85 Oral Comprehension The ability to listen to and understand information and ideas presented through spoken words and sentences 85 Written Comprehension The ability to read and understand information and ideas presented in writing 85 Oral Expression The ability to communicate information and ideas in speaking so others will understand 80 Written Expression The ability to communicate information and ideas in writing so others will understand 70 Speech Clarity The ability to speak clearly so that it is understandable to a listener 65 Inductive Reasoning The ability to combine separate pieces of information, or specific answers to problems, to form general rules or conclusions. It includes coming up with a logical explanation for why a series of seemingly unrelated events occur together. 65 Memorization The ability to remember information such as words, numbers, pictures, and procedures 60 Deductive Reasoning The ability to apply general rules to specific problems to come up with logical answers. It involves deciding if an answer makes sense. 60 Near Vision The ability to see details of objects at a close range (within a few feet of the observer) 55 Information Ordering The ability to correctly follow a given rule or set of rules in order to arrange things or actions in a certain order. The things or actions can include numbers, letters, words, pictures, procedures, sentences, and mathematical or logical operations. 50 Speech Recognition The ability to identify and understand the speech of another person 45 Speed of Closure The ability to quickly make sense of information that seems to be without meaning or organization. It involves quickly combining and organizing different pieces of information into a meaningful pattern 45 Auditory Attention The ability to focus on a single source of auditory (hearing) information in the presence of other distracting sounds 35 Fluency of Ideas The ability to come up with a number of ideas about a given topic. It concerns the number of ideas produced and not the quality, correctness, or creativity of the ideas. 35 Originality The ability to come up with unusual or clever ideas about a given topic or situation, or to develop creative ways to solve a problem 35 Trunk Strength The ability to use one's abdominal and lower back muscles to support part of the body repeatedly or continuously over time without "giving out" or fatiguing 35 Number Facility The ability to add, subtract, multiply, or divide quickly and correctly 30 Selective Attention The ability to concentrate and not be distracted while performing a task over a period of time 30 Problem Sensitivity The ability to tell when something is wrong or is likely to go wrong. It does not involve solving the problem, only recognizing there is a problem. 30 Hearing Sensitivity The ability to detect or tell the difference between sounds that vary over broad ranges of pitch and loudness 20 Category Flexibility The ability to produce many rules so that each rule tells how to group (or combine) a set of things in a different way. 20 Flexibility of Closure The ability to identify or detect a known pattern (a figure, object, word, or sound) that is hidden in other distracting material 15 Perceptual Speed The ability to quickly and accurately compare letters, numbers, objects, pictures, or patterns. The things to be compared may be presented at the same time or one after the other. This ability also includes comparing a presented object with a remembered object 15 Finger Dexterity The ability to make precisely coordinated movements of the fingers of one or both hands to grasp, manipulate, or assemble very small objects 15 Mathematical Reasoning The ability to understand and organize a problem and then to select a mathematical method or formula to solve the problem 15 Multilimb Coordination The ability to coordinate movements of two or more limbs together (for example, two arms, two legs, or one leg and one arm) while sitting, standing, or lying down. It does not involve performing the activities while the body is in motion 15 Gross Body Coordination The ability to coordinate the movement of the arms, legs, and torso together in activities where the whole body is in motion 15 Gross Body Equilibrium The ability to keep or regain one's body balance or stay upright when in an unstable position 15 Far Vision The ability to see details at a distance 10 Visual Color Discrimination The ability to match or detect differences between colors, including shades of color and brightness 10 Visualization The ability to imagine how something will look after it is moved around or when its parts are moved or rearranged 10 Peripheral Vision The ability to see objects or movement of objects to one's side when the eyes are focused forward 10 Time Sharing The ability to efficiently shift back and forth between two or more activities or sources of information (such as speech, sounds, touch, or other sources) 10 Wrist-Finger Speed The ability to make fast, simple, repeated movements of the fingers, hands, and wrists 5 Arm-Hand Steadiness The ability to keep the hand and arm steady while making an arm movement or while holding the arm and hand in one position 5 Manual Dexterity The ability to quickly make coordinated movements of one hand, a hand together with its arm, or two hands to grasp, manipulate, or assemble objects 5 Response Orientation The ability to choose quickly and correctly between two or more movements in response to two or more signals (lights, sounds, pictures, etc.). It includes the speed with which the correct response is started with the hand, foot, or other body parts 5 Sound Localization The ability to tell the direction from which a sound originated 5 Spatial Orientation The ability to know one's location in relation to the environment, or to know where other objects are in relation to one's self 5 Control Precision The ability to quickly and repeatedly make precise adjustments in moving the controls of a machine or vehicle to exact positions 5 Extent Flexibility The ability to bend, stretch, twist, or reach out with the body, arms, and/or legs WORK ACTIVITIES: Work activities elements are ranked by importance. 88 Getting Information Needed to Do the Job Observing, receiving, and otherwise obtaining information from all relevant sources. 83 Making Decisions and Solving Problems Combining, evaluating, and reasoning with information and data to make decisions and solve problems. These processes involve making decisions about the relative importance of information and choosing the best solution. 79 Evaluating Information Against Standards Evaluating information against a set of standards and verifying that it is correct. 75 Interpreting Meaning of Information to Others Translating or explaining what information means and how it can be understood or used to support responses or feedback to others. 71 Identifying Objects, Actions, and Events Identifying information received by making estimates or categorizations, recognizing differences or similarities, or sensing changes in circumstances or events. 71 Communicating With Other Workers Providing information to supervisors, fellow workers, and subordinates. This information can be exchanged face-to-face, in writing, or via telephone/electronic transfer. 71 Communicating With Persons Outside Organization Communicating with persons outside the organization, representing the organization to customers, the public, government, and other external sources. This information can be exchanged face-to-face, in writing, or via telephone/electronic transfer. 67 Resolving Conflict or Negotiating with Others Handling complaints, arbitrating disputes, and resolving grievances, or otherwise negotiating with others. 67 Processing Information Compiling, coding, categorizing, calculating, tabulating, auditing, verifying, or processing information or data. 67 Analyzing Data or Information Identifying underlying principles, reasons, or facts by breaking down information or data into separate parts. 63 Providing Consultation and Advice to Others Providing consultation and expert advice to management or other groups on technical, systems-related, or process related topics. 58 Judging Qualities of Things, Services, or People Making judgments about or assessing the value, importance, or quality of things or people. 58 Performing For or Working With Public Performing for people or dealing directly with the public, including serving persons in restaurants and stores, and receiving clients or guests. 58 Updating and Using Job-Relevant Knowledge Keeping up-to-date technically and knowing one's own jobs' and related jobs' functions. 54 Documenting or Recording Information Entering, transcribing, recording, storing, or maintaining information in either written form or by electronic/magnetic recording. 50 Establishing and Maintaining Relationships Developing constructive and cooperative working relationships with others. 42 Organizing, Planning, and Prioritizing Developing plans to accomplish work, and prioritizing and organizing one's own work. 33 Assisting and Caring for Others Providing assistance or personal care to others. 33 Performing Administrative Activities Approving requests, handling paperwork, and performing day-to-day administrative tasks. 33 Selling or Influencing Others Convincing others to buy merchandise/goods, or otherwise changing their minds or actions. 29 Coordinating Work and Activities of Others Coordinating members of a work group to accomplish tasks. 29 Monitor Processes, Material, or Surroundings Monitoring and reviewing information from materials, events, or the environment, often to detect problems or to find out when things are finished. 25 Implementing Ideas or Programs Conducting or carrying out work procedures and activities in accord with one's own ideas or information provided through directions/instructions for purposes of installing, modifying, preparing, delivering, constructing, integrating, finishing, or completing programs, systems, structures, or products. 25 Interacting With Computers Controlling computer functions by using programs, setting up functions, writing software, or otherwise communicating with computer systems. 21 Scheduling Work and Activities Scheduling events, programs, activities, as well as the work of others. 21 Monitoring and Controlling Resources Monitoring and controlling resources and overseeing the spending of money. 21 Handling and Moving Objects Using one's own hands and arms in handling, installing, forming, positioning, and moving materials, or in manipulating things, including the use of keyboards. 21 Estimating Needed Characteristics Estimating the Characteristics of Materials, Products, Events, or Information: Estimating sizes, distances, and quantities, or determining time, costs, resources, or materials needed to perform a work activity. 13 Performing General Physical Activities Performing physical activities that require moving one's whole body, such as in climbing, lifting, balancing, walking, stooping, where the activities often also require considerable use of the arms and legs, such as in the physical handling of materials. 13 Thinking Creatively Originating, inventing, designing, or creating new applications, ideas, relationships, systems, or products, including artistic contributions. 13 Developing and Building Teams Encouraging and building mutual trust, respect, and cooperation among team members. 13 Developing Objectives and Strategies Establishing long range objectives and specifying the strategies and actions to achieve these objectives. 8 Inspecting Equipment, Structures, or Material Inspecting or diagnosing equipment, structures, or materials to identify the causes of errors or other problems or defects. 8 Teaching Others Identifying educational needs, developing formal training programs or classes, and teaching or instructing others. 8 Guiding, Directing and Motivating Subordinates Providing guidance and direction to subordinates, including setting performance standards and monitoring subordinates. 4 Controlling Machines and Processes Using either control mechanisms or direct physical activity to operate machines or processes (not including computers or vehicles). 4 Coaching and Developing Others Identifying developmental needs of others and coaching or otherwise helping others to improve their knowledge or skills. WORK CONTEXT: Work context elements are ranked by frequency (F), importance (I), responsibility (R), amount of contact (C), how serious (S), objective vs. subjective (O), automation (A), extent of frustration (E), responsible for health and safety (H), likelihood of injury (L), degree of injury (D) . 95 (F) Indoors How frequently does this job require the worker to work: Indoors 90 (F) Sitting How much time in a usual work period does the worker spend: Sitting? 84 (I) Importance of Being Sure All Is Done How important is it to be sure that all the details of this job are performed and everything is done completely? 80 (I) Importance of Being Exact or Accurate How important is being very exact or highly accurate in performing this job? 65 (F) Deal With Unpleasant or Angry People How frequently does the worker have to deal with unpleasant, angry, or discourteous individuals as part of the job requirements? 65 (F) Frequency in Conflict Situations How frequently do the job requirements place the worker in conflict situations? 60 (I) Importance of Being Aware of New Events How important is being constantly aware of either frequently changing events (e.g. security guard watching for shoplifters) or infrequent events (e.g. radar operator watching for tornadoes) to performing this job? 60 (C) Job-Required Social Interaction How much does this job require the worker to be in contact (face-to-face, by telephone, or otherwise) with others in order to perform it? 52 (I) Deal With External Customers How important are interactions requiring the worker to: Deal with external customers (e.g., retail sales) or the public in general (e.g., police work)? 50 (O) Objective or Subjective Information How objective or subjective is the information communicated in this job? 47 (E) Frustrating Circumstances To what extent do frustrating circumstances ("road blocks" to work that are beyond the worker's control) hinder the accomplishment of this job? 47 (S) Consequence of Error How serious would the result usually be if the worker made a mistake that was not readily correctable? 36 (I) Take a Position Opposed to Others How important are interactions requiring the worker to: Take a position opposed to coworkers or others? 35 (F) Deal With Physically Aggressive People How frequently does this job require the worker to deal with physical aggression of violent individuals? 20 (F) Standing How much time in a usual work period does the worker spend: Standing? 20 (I) Importance of Repeating Same Tasks How important is repeating the same physical activities (e.g., key entry) or mental activities (e.g., checking entries in a ledger) over and over, without stopping, to performing this job? 16 (I) Provide a Service to Others How important are interactions requiring the worker to: Provide a service to others (e.g., customers)? 15 (F) Special Uniform How often does the worker wear: A special uniform, such as that of a commercial pilot, nurse, police officer, or military personnel? 15 (F) Making Repetitive Motions How much time in a usual work period does the worker spend: Making repetitive motions? 10 (F) Walking or Running How much time in a usual work period does the worker spend: Walking or running? 10 (F) Diseases or Infections How often does this job require the worker to be exposed to diseases/infection? Diseases/Infections (e.g., patient care, some laboratory work, sanitation control, etc.) 10 (F) Using Hands on Objects, Tools, Controls How much time in a usual work period does the worker spend: Using hands to handle, control, or feel objects, tools or controls? 8 (I) Coordinate or Lead Others How important are interactions requiring the worker to: Coordinate or lead others in accomplishing work activities (not supervision)? 8 (D) Diseases or Infections If injury, due to exposure to diseases/infection, were to occur while performing this job, how serious would be the likely outcome? Diseases/Infections (e.g., patient care, some laboratory work, sanitation control, etc.) 6 (R) Responsibility for Outcomes and Results How responsible is the worker for work outcomes and results of other workers? 6 (L) Diseases or Infections What is the likelihood that the worker would be injured as a result of being exposed to diseases/infections while performing this job? Diseases/Infections (e.g., patient care, some laboratory work, sanitation control, etc.) 6 (H) Responsible for Health and Safety of Others How responsible is the worker for others' health and safety on this job? 5 (F) Very Hot How often during a usual work period is the worker exposed to the following conditions: Very hot (above 90 F) or very cold (under 32 F) temperatures? 5 (F) Bending or Twisting the Body How much time in a usual work period does the worker spend: Bending or twisting the body? 5 (F) Extremely Bright or Inadequate Lighting How often during a usual work period is the worker exposed to the following conditions: Extremely bright or inadequate lighting conditions? 5 (F) Kneeling, Crouching or Crawling How much time in a usual work period does the worker spend: Kneeling, stooping, crouching or crawling? 5 (F) Sounds or Noise Levels Are Distracting How often during a usual work period is the worker exposed to the following conditions: Sounds and noise levels that are distracting and uncomfortable? 4 (I) Pace Determined by Speed of Equipment How important is it to this job that the pace is determined by the speed of equipment or machinery? (This does not refer to keeping busy at all times on this job.) 3 (A) Degree of Automation Indicate the level of automation of this job. INTERESTS: Interest elements are ranked by occupational interest. 89 Enterprising Enterprising occupations frequently involve starting up and carrying out projects. These occupations can involve leading people and making many decisions. Sometimes they require risk taking and often deal with business. 72 Social Social occupations frequently involve working with, communicating with, and teaching people. These occupations often involve helping or providing service to others. 50 Conventional Conventional occupations frequently involve following set procedures and routines. These occupations can include working with data and details more than with ideas. Usually there is a clear line of authority to follow. 50 Investigative Investigative occupations frequently involve working with ideas, and require an extensive amount of thinking. These occupations can involve searching for facts and figuring out problems mentally. 33 Artistic Artistic occupations frequently involve working with forms, designs and patterns. They often require self-expression and the work can be done without following a clear set of rules. 17 Realistic Realistic occupations frequently involve work activities that include practical, hands-on problems and solutions. They often deal with plants, animals, and real-world materials like wood, tools, and machinery. Many of the occupations require working outside, and do not involve a lot of paperwork or working closely with others. WORK VALUES: Work values elements are ranked by extent. 68 Independence-Mean Extent Occupations that satisfy this work value allow employs to work on their own and make decisions. Corresponding needs are Creativity, Responsibility and Autonomy. 66 Working Conditions-Mean Extent Occupations that satisfy this work value offer job security and good working conditions. Corresponding needs are Activity, Compensation, Independence, Security, Variety and Working Conditions. 66 Achievement-Mean Extent Occupations that satisfy this work value are results oriented and allow employees to use their strongest abilities, giving them a feeling of accomplishment. Corresponding needs are Ability Utilization and Achievement. 59 Recognition-Mean Extent Occupations that satisfy this work value offer advancement, potential for leadership, and are often considered prestigious. Corresponding needs are Advancement, Authority, Recognition and Social Status. 42 Support-Mean Extent Occupations that satisfy this work value offer supportive management that stands behind employees. Corresponding needs are Company Policies, Supervision: Human Relations and Supervision: Technical. 42 Relationships-Mean Extent Occupations that satisfy this work value allow employees to provide service to others and work with co-workers in a friendly non-competitive environment. Corresponding needs are Co-workers, Moral Values and Social Service. 88 Autonomy Workers on this job plan their work with little supervision 81 Security Workers on this job have steady employment 81 Working Conditions Workers on this job have good working conditions 78 Responsibility Workers on this job make decisions on their own 69 Ability Utilization Workers on this job make use of their individual abilities 63 Social Status Workers on this job are looked up to by others in their company and their community 63 Achievement Workers on this job get a feeling of accomplishment 63 Variety Workers on this job have something different to do every day 63 Company Policies and Practices Workers on this job are treated fairly by the company 59 Authority Workers on this job give directions and instructions to others 59 Compensation Workers on this job are paid well in comparison with other workers 56 Independence Workers on this job do their work alone 56 Recognition Workers on this job receive recognition for the work they do 56 Activity Workers on this job are busy all the time 56 Advancement Workers on this job have opportunities for advancement 56 Social Service Workers on this job have work where they do things for other people 41 Co-workers Workers on this job have co-workers who are easy to get along with 41 Supervision, Human Relations Workers on this job have supervisors who back up their workers with management 38 Creativity Workers on this job try out their own ideas 28 Moral Values Workers on this job are never pressured to do things that go against their sense of right and wrong 22 Supervision, Technical Workers on this job have supervisors who train their workers well CROSSWALKS:
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